You should be able to hook it up onto your hard drive cable, set the jumper to slave, and be good to go. As long as the hard drive you want to boot is set to master, it should load normal and show the new hard drive in 'my computer' so it can be formatted, or the data salvaged off it. A lot of hard drives have little diagrams printed on them that show you how the jumpers should be set. You can use cable select instead of mater/slave, but I forget if the end of the cable is recognized as the primary or the center of the cable... I think the end of the cable is seen as primary. (don't forget to hook up power too...)
If you boot into windows and you still don't see it in my computer, it might be an unrecognized hard drive format. Just right click on my computer, click manage, storage, and then Disk Management (in vista. XP is very simmiliar). From that menu you should be able to see the partition and format it.